What determines military allocations in Africa: Theoretical and empirical investigations

This paper investigates theoretically and empirically the determinants of military spending in Africa. It specifies a formal model and uses time‐series and cross‐sectional estimations to ascertain the reasons behind variations in military allocations across and within 40 African countries during 1960–1991. The differences in military expenditures appear to reflect a complex of economic, political, and strategic factors at both national and international levels. Strategic considerations are, however, found to be the most important factors in most African countries.     

Aircraft routing under the risk of detection

The deterministic problem for finding an aircraft's optimal risk trajectory in a threat environment has been formulated. The threat is associated with the risk of aircraft detection by radars or similar sensors. The model considers an aircraft's trajectory in three‐dimensional (3‐D) space and represents the aircraft by a symmetrical ellipsoid with the axis of symmetry directing the trajectory. Analytical and discrete optimization approaches for routing an aircraft with variable radar cross‐section (RCS) subject to a constraint on the trajectory length have been developed. Through techniques of Calculus of Variations, the analytical approach reduces the original risk optimization problem to a vectorial nonlinear differential equation. In the case of a single detecting installation, a solution to this equation is expressed by a quadrature. A network optimization approach reduces the original problem to the Constrained Shortest Path Problem (CSPP) for a 3‐D network. The CSPP has been solved for various ellipsoid shapes and different length constraints in cases with several radars. The impact of ellipsoid shape on the geometry of an optimal trajectory as well as the impact of variable RCS on the performance of a network optimization algorithm have been analyzed and illustrated by several numerical examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

基于混沌特征的高分辨雷达目标识别

根据高分辨导弹制导雷达的基本工作原则和舰船目标的散射特性,利用现有雷达回波的仿真技术,在合理的战术想定下,计算了三类典型舰船的雷达回波.在此基础上,研究了利用雷达回波功率谱的方法来识别目标类型的有效性,并基于混沌理论提出了一种比功率谱方法更加有效的新的识别方法,从而为进一步利用混沌理论来开发雷达目标识别技术奠定了初步的理论基础.     

用不确定性度量作战效能的评估方法

把作战过程分解成多个节点,用不确定性自信息量度量各节点完成任务的程度,并改造了信息熵函数,得出一种适合求解作战效能的评估方法.最后,针对一实例进行效能评估建模、验模和灵敏度分析.     

熵理论在装备保障指挥组织结构优化中的应用

把熵理论应用于装备保障指挥组织结构的优化设计,并以某军区装备部机关组织结构为例,从量化的角度比较改革前后组织结构的时效熵和质量熵,得出结论:改革后的军区装备部机关组织结构有序度优于改革前机关组织结构有序度。     

基于模糊信息论的空中目标识别模型研究

空中目标识别是防空作战辅助决策的关键环节之一。针对目标识别中不确定信息,建立基于模糊信息论的空中目标识别模型。该模型利用模糊信息论中的模糊数,基于贴近度的模糊模式识别对待识空中目标进行初步识别,同时为解决不确定信息本身对目标识别结果稳定性的影响,采用模糊信息熵对目标识别结果修正,从而进一步提高了空中目标识别结果的稳定性和可信度。     

基于信息论的信息共享质量评估研究

如何度量编队作战中信息共享的质量,是一个值得研究的新课题。根据信息论的知识,从信息的产生概率和不确定性方面出发,建立了仅与节点的状态概率有关的双节点和网络信息共享的质量评估模型,并通过仿真得出了结果。     

基于参数优化的SVM联合作战战场建设方案优选

联合作战战场建设方案优选可最大可能降低建设工程的损耗、提高整体建设效益。针对联合作战战场建设方案优选问题进行研究,首先梳理联合作战战场建设方案优选流程,然后构建包括作战保障工程、后勤保障工程、装备保障工程和战场基础信息数据库的指标体系,并提出基于网格搜索和交叉验证优化的改进SVM方法实施方案优选,仿真结果表明优化后参数的性能明显优于默认参数,更加适用于联合作战战场建设方案优选问题。     

海天背景下舰船可见光图像目标区域定位方法

针对行均值法用于海天背景下舰船目标区域定位可靠性不高、容易受到舰船目标大小和海天背景复杂程度影响的不足,提出一种基于图像行灰度熵的舰船目标区域定位方法。该方法在分析海天背景下舰船目标可见光图像成像特点基础上,结合信息熵理论给出了图像灰度熵及行灰度熵的概念,利用图像行灰度熵描述图像在行方向上的灰度变化程度,选用滑动区间方差搜索策略得到图像行灰度熵曲线的突变区间,从而实现舰船目标区域定位,最后通过实际图像进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该方法能对舰船目标所在区域有效定位,其准确性及鲁棒性均优于行均值法。     

基于LMD频域近似熵频谱感知算法研究

针对现有频域近似熵频谱感知技术在低信噪比条件下抗噪声性能和检测性能有待提升的问题,提出了一种基于LMD频域近似熵的频谱感知算法。(1)算法筛选出3个PF分量累加求和,使得算法提取局部调频包络特征信息得到最优,进一步排除噪声不确定度的影响。(2)算法对累加PF分量进行频域变换后求其近似熵,增强算法对频域信息的嗅探能力,提升算法检测性能。Monte Carlo仿真结果表明,在噪声不确定度为0dB,采样点数为8 000的情况下,当信噪比大于-19 d B时,可以对2ASK信号达到100%的检测概率,与现有频域近似熵算法相比,检测性能约有17 d B的提升。